Ancient indian sciences

Ancient indian sciences;

August 31, 2008 by historyofplayingcards

Ancient indian sciences

See flat wall type front for AEROPLANE,Rustproof Ironpillar of 400AD
watermachine bow shooting as by arjuna,FUNNY here KRISHNA shoots arrow seeing in water,Hally comet described in hidu astronomical textbooks,bhutan vastu,ASHWAGHOSA in combodian stamp,Egyptian link with indian scriptures,son the list goes on here are the proofs on official govt issued postal stamps,which no one can challenge.
KRISHNA SHOOTING MATYSAYANTRA ANY ONE CAN BELIEVE,YES SEE IT ON THE STAMP OF INDIAN POSTS.

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Tags: ancient coins, Ancient Science, ANDHRA, Astronomy, BANK OF BENGAL, Banking, Coins of BHUDDHA, Currency notes, echo sound, Epigraphy, Forts, geography, gods, HISTORY OF BANKING, history of handloom textiles, HISTORY OF Playing Cards. Stamps. Coins, Hyderabad.BHUDDHISM, India, Islamic science from QURAN and others texts of 10 Century AD onwards, Mathematics, Metallurgy, Mythology, Numismatics, Philately, Pyretics, radio DXING collect QSLcards, Rulers, satavahana, Sciences, SOUTH INDIA, Telugu cinema, TEMPLES, Vaastu, vedic literature, WONDERS
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History of playingcards around the world from 3000BC

History of playingcards around the world from 3000BC

By historyofplayingcards

108 Indian playingcards set on mythology

HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS:
The game of playing cards began long back around 13th Century. Pieces of cards with numerical and pictorial sequences and various thematic markings were used to play the game. this is a game of skill and chance. Most probably this game was originated in Asia during the earlier stages. The number of cards has been sometimes 97 and some times 78 or 62. The special attraction of the bigger set of 97 was 21 cards called as outs at or trump cards. It was generally thought that the gypsies who came from the east have introduced the cards into Europe. In England the card game was thought as a Devil’s game from Asia. Here are some stories about the invention of the playing cards. As we Indians think the devil’s dwelling is towards the western part of the world, the Europeans think that anything remote and mysterious is devilish and Asiatic. In this background Saint Bernard in 1423 A.D said in a sermon that a devil has invented the playing cards Satan was nothing but “Satan” of India. Its origin can be traced back to Chinese or Indian playing tablets or discs which have a resemblance of ganjifa cards based on Hindu mythological stories, the well-known chess game has also had its part in the development of skilled moves of playing cards.
There was evidence that there were games played with cards in Egypt during the time of Joseph. And Queen among the cards can be traced back to Bible in the book of Judith. The famous heroine here is the daughter of the Hittite tribe. Bussi writes in his history of Viterbo that the game of cards was brought from Serasinia, which was called as Naib in 1379 AD. there are three varieties of four-suit pack. Spanish and Italian version (2) Germany (3) French.
Diamonds and other cards are called as the following in various countries as explained in the Chad:

Country ITALY GERMANY FRENCH
Diamond Bells Carreaw
Spades as Swords Acorns Pike
Clubs as Batons Leaves Trefoil
1-learts Cups —- Ceur

King was present in all nations’ packs. Queen was not present in Spain and early Germen pack. Earlier numerical signs were projected as eight batons or nine swords which caused lot of confusion which lead to fights in Italy because of small size cards, where it was a problem showing them clearly.
Early French packs were simplified and were produced by stencil work, and were exported to other nations in Europe. This continued till tax was imposed in France over cards. And the card makers moved to Germany and Netherlands. Spanish pack has 48 cards only, without no.10.
In England Edward IV banned playing cards from Michaelcimas Day 29th Sept 1464 A.D. because the packs used were made in Rouen, a city in France. There was a bitter hostility then between England and France. Limited period card playing was allowed during Christmas by an order in 1541. That too only noblemen over £100 income per annum were allowed to play British Monarch Henry VIII year are allowed to people to play cards. He was a well-known gambler himself and lost more money than any one in that time.

Alexander Pope 1712 AD. described that the game was played during Queen Anne’s period as follows. Here is inverse from his Pen. Behold four kings in majesty reversed with hoary whiskers and a forky bear; and four fair queens whose hands sustain a flower. Company of makers of playing cards was granted a charter print cards by Charles I. The charter banned on I I)ecember 1628, importing of foreign playing cards into England. The cards are to be destroyed or confiscated at ports. 1’he English company paid one Earthing per pack as duty to the crown’s treasury. During the earlier period each card has mark of that company. William Watkins Dawson who was also the cloth worker contributed much to the development of playing cards. The royalty for each process is fixed in the constitutional amendment of 19 February 1631,which will be discussed separately in another chapter.
Lord Chief Justice of Kings Bench, Sir Hyde and others granted letter of patent on 16 February 1631.
The items patented are marks, stamps, prints, counterfeiting, quarrels, workmanship skills, false cards, Regulations of apprentices, payment of dues, paste board markers, penalties. Non-attendance of funerals due to the habit of playing games attracted a fine of 2s 6d. For other offences a penalty of £10 was collected and other minor and major regulations will be updated soon.
Some of the famous company markings are the Kings Arms. The Crown (1654) Dr. Sacheverell, the South Sea Arms, Henry a unique and popular brand was the Great Mogul, which was registered in 1741 by one of the wealthiest card makers of that day that was are one of the best cards available.
£5 fine was imposed if any company employed a foreigner in this works during 1719 period.
The first king of hearts was king Charles known as the great agne charlem who was crowned by Pope.
The Queen depicted on the cards was the wife of the great Charles. He had four wives, and none of them were really the heart throbbing Queens of the Monarch. So we can rule out them from our list.
Lets go to France in search of the Queen. Queen of Hearts in French pack has its origins from Judith. She was relative to agne charlem and was from Bavaria and wife of Emperor Louis I of France. She was not said to be of good character. So we have to turn our heads towards some other Judith. Lets turn to Bible and see the chapter Genesis 26:34. Here we find the 1-litittite prince from gulf region. She was remembered for good deeds such as killing the fire eating Assyrian general Flolofernes by hacking his head. In that era no woman has shown such courage she was very kind aM generous to the general people and poor. The great deed of the single lady had saved the nation of Israel from invasion of a devilish general. But wily Queen Heart only? Because heart means courage and Judith was seen as the most courageous woman of that era.
(A) Judith of 1650 AD was issued at Troyes is called as Paris pattern.
(B) The second Queen is Helen issued by Goyrand is known as a duvergno pattern and the details of Helen the Queen of Hearts will be discussed in later stages. The period of this card is from 1640 AD in Europe more about each card can be updated soon. The trump cards discussed earlier in a pack of 97 are as follow outs at–.

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Ancient map with antarctica,americas

Ancient map with antarctica,americas

The map is a famous pre-modern world map created by 16th century Ottoman-Turkish admiral and cartographer Reis. The map shows part of the western coasts of Europe and North Africa with reasonable accuracy, and the coast of Brazil is also easily recognizable. Various Atlantic islands including the Azores and Canary Islands are depicted, as is the mythical island of Antillia. The map is noteworthy for its depiction of a southern landmass that some controversially claim is evidence for early awareness of the existence of Antarctica

What fascinate me most are the marginal notes on the accounts of the pioneer seamen who have taken part in the discovery of the places shown on the map.

These coasts are named the shores of Antilia. They were discovered in the year 896 of the Arab calendar.

There are many difficulties in the map of South America, including duplication of rivers, and the continent's southern end allegedly merging with an ice-free Antarctica. Close examination of the coastline supports the alternative theory that the "extra" landmass is simply the South American coast, probably explored in secret by Portuguese navigators, and bent round to fit the parchment. There are features resembling the basins at the mouth of the Strait of Magellan, and the Falkland Islands;also the annotations on the map itself, stating that this region is hot and inhabited by large snakes do not fit with the likely climate and fauna in Antarctica in the 1500s. Similarly the map states that "spring comes early" to the islands off the coast, which is true of the Falkland Islands but not of any islands close to the Antarctic mainland.

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VarahaMihira Islamic scholar ?,from YAVANAS

VarahaMihira Islamic scholar ?,from YAVANAS

Varahamihira’s main work is the book Pañcasiddhāntikā (or Pancha-Siddhantika, “[Treatise] on the Five [Astronomical] Canons) dated ca. 575 CE gives us information about older Indian texts which are now lost. The work is a treatise on mathematical astronomy and it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises, namely the Surya Siddhanta, Romaka Siddhanta, Paulisa Siddhanta, Vasishtha Siddhanta and Paitamaha Siddhantas. It is a compendium of native Indian as well as Hellenistic astronomy (including Greek, Egyptian and Roman elements).

The 11th century Arabian scholar Alberuni also described the details of “The Five Astronomical Canons”:
the Indianshave 5 Siddhāntas:

Sūrya-Siddhānta, ie. the Siddhānta of the Sun, composed by Lāṭa,
Vasishtha-siddhānta, so called from one of the stars of the Great Bear, composed by Vishnucandra,
Pulisa-siddhānta, so called from Paulisa, the Greek, from the city of Saintra, which is supposed to be Alexandria, composed by Pulisa.
Romaka-siddhānta, so called from the Rūm, ie. the subjects of the Roman Empire, composed by Śrīsheṇa.
Brahma-siddhānta, so called from Brahman, composed by Brahmagupta, the son of Jishṇu, from the town of Bhillamāla between Multān and Anhilwāra, 16 yojanas from the latter place.”
ANCIENT INDIAN OBSERVATORY JANTAR MANTAR DELHI,

ANCIENT INDIAN OBSERVATORY JANTAR MANTAR DELHI,

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Jantar-mantar-mug

Islamic Creation story

A creation myth is a supernatural mytho-religious story or explanation that describes the

beginnings of humanity, earth, life, and the universe ,cosmomology, usually as a deliberate

act of “creation” by one or more deities.

Many creation myths share broadly similar themes. Common motifs include the fractionation of

the things of the world from a primordial chaos; the separation of the mother and father

gods; land emerging from an infinite and timeless ocean; or creation ex nihilo (Latin: out

of nothing).

The term creation myth is sometimes used in a derogatory way to describe stories which are

still believed today, as the term myth may suggest something which is absurd or fictional.

While these beliefs and stories need not be a literal account of actual events, they may yet

express ideas that are perceived by some people and cultures to be truths at a deeper or

more symbolic level. Author Daniel Quinn notes that in this sense creation myths need not be

religious in nature, and they have secular analogues in modern cultures.

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history of Islamic science

In the history of science, Islamic science refers to the science developed under Islamic civilization between the 8th and 15th centuries, during what is known as the Islamic Golden Age. It is also known as Arabic science since the majority of texts during this period were written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization. Despite these terms, not all scientists during this period were Muslim or Arab, as there were a number of notable non-Arab scientists (most notably Persians), as well as some non-Muslim scientists, who contributed to scientific studies in the Islamic world.

A number of modern scholars have been greatly influenced by Muslim scientists who introduced a modern empirical, experimental and quantitative approach to scientific inquiry. the traditional view of the Scientific Revolution which is still supported by most scholars

According to many historians, science in Islamic civilization flourished until the 14th century AD.

Islam and the development of science

Whether Islamic culture has promoted or hindered scientific advancement is disputed. Islamists such as Sayyid Qutb argue that since "Islam appointed" Muslims "as representatives of God and made them responsible for learning all the sciences,science cannot but prosper in a society of true Muslims. Many "classical and modern

the history of Islamic science
the history of Islamic sciencethe history of Islamic science,CREATION STORY,400 years old historical mosque at Hyderabad

sources agree that the Qur'an condones, even encourages the acquisition of science and scientific knowledge, and urges humans to reflect on the natural phenomena as signs of God's creation." Some scientific instruments produced in classical times in the Islamic world were inscribed with Qur'anic citations. Many Muslims agree that doing science is an act of religious merit, even a collective duty of the Muslim community

Others say traditional interpretations of Islam are not compatible with the development of science. Author Rodney Stark, explains Islam's lag behind the West in scientific advancement after (roughly) 1500 AD to opposition by traditional ulema to efforts to formulate systematic explanation of natural phenomenon with "natural laws." They believed such laws were blasphemous because they limit "Allah's freedom to act" as He wishes. This principle was enshired in aya 14:4: "Allah sendeth whom He will astray, and guideth whom He will," which (they believed) applied to all of creation not just humanity.

In the early twentieth century ulema forbade the learning of foreign languages and dissection of human bodies in the medical school in Iran. The ulama at the Islamic university of Al-Azhar in Cairo taught the Ptolemaic astronomical system (in which the sun circles the earth) until compelled to adopt the Copernican system by the Egyptian government in 1961.

Epilogue to indian history

The Indus Valley Civilization, which spread and flourished in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent from c. 3300 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in India. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This Bronze Age civilization collapsed at the beginning of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilization, which extended over much of the Indo-Gangetic plains and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one kingdom, Magadha, Mahavira and Gautama Buddha.
Even though history of India begins with evidence of human activity of Homo sapiens as long as 75,000 years ago hominids from about 500,000 years ago.